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Many borrowers put down more than the minimum, either through savings, gifts or down payment assistance. For borrowers with good credit and a medium (10-15 percent) down payment, FHA loans tend to be more expensive than conventional loans. For borrowers with lower credit scores or a smaller down payment, FHA loans can often be the cheapest option. With a 5% down payment and an interest rate of 7.158% (the average at the time of writing), you will want to earn at least $8,742 per month – $104,904 per year – to buy a $400,000 house.
Challenges of saving for a down payment
A second home is a residence you occupy in addition to your primary residence. The property can be a vacation home or a home you visit regularly. If you put down less than 20%, you can ask your lender to remove PMI once you’ve reached 20% equity in your home.
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What Are The Minimum Down Payment Requirements?
The down payment is the portion of the home’s purchase price that you pay upfront and is not financed through a mortgage. The down payment directly reduces the amount of money you need to borrow for the home purchase. Ideally, you'll want to have a credit score of 740 or better if you're getting ready to buy a house, since this will help you get a good mortgage rate. But it's possible to buy a house with a much lower score, particularly if you get an FHA loan, which allows scores down to 580 or even 500 with a large down payment. Ultimately, there is no singular credit score that can guarantee you a mortgage approval. Our calculations for the income needed to buy a $300k house assume you have around $600 (or less) in other monthly debts.
Places with the lowest median down payments (in dollars)
For more information about or to do calculations involving FHA loans, please visit the FHA Loan Calculator. In the U.S., most conventional loans adhere to guidelines and requirements set by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, which are two government-sponsored corporations that purchase loans from lenders. Conventional loans normally require a down payment of 20%, but some lenders may go lower, such as 10%, 5%, or 3% at the very least. If the down payment is lower than 20%, borrowers will be asked to purchase Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) to protect the mortgage lenders. The PMI is normally paid as a monthly fee added to the mortgage until the balance of the loan falls below 80 or 78% of the home purchase price.
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That’s because you’re taking on less mortgage, making you a lower risk for a lender. In addition, you’ll have that much more instant equity to pull from, plus a lower mortgage insurance premium or the ability to avoid these premiums altogether. For the most common types of mortgages, lenders charge premiums when you put less than 20 percent down. Jumbo loans are a specific type of conventional loan that (as their name implies) are for big sums — so big they don’t conform to the standards set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). In 2024, that means any conventional loan that exceeds $766,550 in most markets — though high-cost areas have higher limits, up to $1,149,825.
This loan will require repayment with interest, but there will be no tax or penalties on the loan amount. However, taking out a loan, especially a large one, can affect qualification for or ability to repay a mortgage. Most plans only give five years to repay the loan, and borrowing a large amount can result in substantial payback pressure. If possible, consider temporarily downsizing to a smaller (and cheaper) home or moving in with family. Reducing this monthly cost can help you save more in a shorter period.
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Let’s look at the actual data surrounding first-time home buyers and down payments. The down payment you need will partly depend on the type of loan you choose. Another minimum down payment factor to account for is whether you’re buying a primary residence, secondary residence or investment property. You’ll need to put 20% down to avoid paying private mortgage insurance (PMI) on a conventional mortgage loan. PMI is insurance that protects a lender if a borrower defaults on their home loan. If you’re buying a house for the first time or you’re looking for your next home, you may be wondering how much money you’ll need for a down payment.
What down payment assistance programs are there?
A lower LTV ratio presents less risk to lenders because you are adding more equity to your home and have a higher stake in your property relative to the outstanding loan balance. Since lenders use LTV to price mortgages, a lower LTV means you'll likely pay a lower interest rate on your mortgage. When your LTV ratio exceeds 80%, you’ll likely pay for Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI). A mortgage pre-approval is an official step where a lender verifies your financial information and credit history.
If your recurring payments are higher, you'll need more income to qualify for a mortgage. Our calculations for the income needed to buy a $200k house assume you have around $400 (or less) in other monthly debts. For all calculations, we’ll assume property taxes of 1% of the home price per year and $125 per month in homeowner’s insurance, and mortgage insurance rates from MGIC. Saving for a down payment on a house is a significant financial milestone that can seem daunting at first.
In addition, borrowers risk losing their down payment if they can't make payments on a home and end up in foreclosure. As a result, down payments act as an incentive for borrowers to make their mortgage payments, which reduces the risk of default. When the cost of borrowing goes up, monthly payments can stretch beyond a comfortable amount.
Housing prices — and down payments — vary widely depending on where you live. Let’s take a look at the data by state, according to Q data compiled by the research team at Realtor.com. Here is the median down payment by age group, according to the NAR 2023 Home Buyers and Sellers Generational Trends Report. Bankrate has partnerships with issuers including, but not limited to, American Express, Bank of America, Capital One, Chase, Citi and Discover.
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